Diffrenece Between Hypothesis and Theory Essay

Difference between scientific law, theory and hypothesis 551 words In the world were living in nowadays people, groups or even some nations each has a different way of thinking. That’s why opinions were created and people could have different prospectives and different ideas were developed all over the past centuries. That variation of ideas, prospective and ways of thinking had lead into the creation for methods for proving something as an idea an experiment a suggestion, and others. This essay would be discussing those ways and their differences. Firstly, the first thing that leads into an opinion or way of seeing something is setting up your hypothesis, hypothesis is an educated guess based upon observation for a certain matter. It is an explanation of a single event or something based on what is observed not deeply observed but just observed, and it also has not been proved yet. Most hypotheses can be supported or disproved by experiment or a deep observation. Some examples of hypothesis are, when an apple is put in the wind and sun it will rot, this is a simple example it’s based on what’s observed as when an apple is put in the sun it would rot but no further scientific explanation is given. After a hypothesis is set based on really weak and shallow observations it must be tested for that opinion or idea to be true it must be tested and observed scientifically and not only once it must be tried and observed a number of times, that what develops a theory and obeys scientific laws, a scientific law is a statement of fact that explains a certain matter or different action or habits. It is generally accepted to be true and universal and can be proved and tested widely and sometimes they could be written as mathematical equations. Scientific laws must be simple, true and universal. Going back to a theory it is noted as more like a scientific law than a hypothesis. It is an explanation and prove for your hypothesis and sets of related observations or events based upon proven hypotheses and verified multiple times. A theory could hold on a definition as it is the way people could know this certain idea or issue is true by repeated xperiments whom tern a hypothesis into a theory or it just keeps it a hypothesis untested. Some examples of scientific laws are some physics and maths rules as Newton’s laws of motion, law of gravity, the laws of thermodynamics and other physics laws whom are proved and tested that’s why they turn into a scientific law. Sometimes some laws can turn to theories as the law of gravity and gravitational forces, as it could go mor e general to be turned into a theory. The biggest difference between a law and a theory is that a theory is much more complex and dynamic. A law runs a single action, whereas a theory explains an entire group of related matters and phenomenas. That’s what differs an experimented hypothesis whether it turns into a theory or it is more specified so it turns to be a law, an example of a theory is automobiles Components of it can be changed or improved upon and more things invented in it, without changing the overall truth of the theory as a whole that it is an automobile.

Pirates of the Caribbean Critical Essay

A key character that ensures we enjoy the film throughout is captin jack sparrow. The first time we meet jack he is portrayed as a powerful figure standing tall on top of his ship. As the scene progresses we see that he is drunk and unorganised sailing on his own on a sinking boat. The director shows us this by using a wide array of camera shots and other techniques. When we first see jack he is standing on top of his ship. Although he is standing tall and proud his clothes are weather beaten and he has clearly been at sea for a long time.The low angle camera shots that the director uses help the impression that he is powerful and strong. The director also uses an over the shoulder shot to help connect the audience to jack. The director then thatters this illusion by panning down the mast to reveal that he is on a small boat, that is quickly taking on water ,all on his own. The director does this to make jack an instantly likeable character and to make us want to fing out more about him. The change from jack being a drunk to a skilled swordfighter makes the character of jackmore interesting.The second time we meet jack he is in the blacksmiths where William turner is an apprentice. The camera angle that the director uses a wide shot so that you see that the workshop is small and to emphasize that he is agile and quick. The director does this so we find out slightly more about jack and become more interested. Through out the film jack is portrayed as an anti- hero and this is emphisized as jack does not want to shoot will as he says ‘’this bullet is not ment for you ‘’ meaning he went to port royal with a mission. The director does this to reveal a major plot point. he director of â€Å"the pirates of the caribbean† portrays miss elizabeth swann as a naive and dependent girl but this impression is ruined the second time we meet her. in the first encounter we see elizabeth trying on a dress her father has bought her from london. s he seems very feminine, well educated and wealthy but she has something to hide. a medallion she had taken off of will whe she and her majestys navy first found him. this adds to the enjoyment of the film by adding a twist that changes the whole story as this medallion lands elizabeth and the man she loves in alot of trouble. Read Critical Essay about Skurzynski’s NethergraveIn this scene she appears quite rebellious in the way she wants will to speak to her using her first name instead of miss swann but will has to remind her that this cannot happen because there is a difference between their two classes. the director does significant and clever he has elizabeth standing at the top of a stair case and will at the bottom during this conversation subtly  signifying that elizabeth is of a higher class but as the conversation progresses elizabeth walks down the staircase as she thinks that her and will are of the same class. he reason elizabeth treats will like this is because ever since  she laid her eyes on him six years ago on the crossing from england to port royal she hhas loved him madly. howthis makesthe film more enjoyable is by putting in a romantic element to the story meaning the two cant live with out the other so they are both trying to save the other by putting their own lives on the line creating excitement and suspense.

Should English Be Our Official Language?

In the United States, there are 303 languages other than English that are spoken at home, these categories include; Native American languages, African languages, Chinese, other Asian languages, Pacific Island languages, and Indic languages. According to the US Census, in 2007 the number of people five and older who spoke a language other than English at home doubled in the last three decades. English was inherited from British colonization and is spoken by the majority of the population. It serves as the language in which government businesses is carried out. According to the US Census Bureau, 80% of Americans spoke only English at home in 2007. Spanish is the second most common language spoken in the United States. Spanish is the primary language spoken at home by almost 37 million people five or older. Spanish is taught in various regions as a second language. Numerous neighborhoods have only Spanish language signs and Spanish speaking people. Chinese is the third most common language spoken in the United States. Over two million Americans speak some variety of Chinese. Tagalog is the fourth most spoken language in the United States. Over 1. 5 million Americans speak it. French is the fifth most common language spoken here. About 1. 4 million Americans over the age of five were reported speaking the language at home in 2007. Arguments Supporting Making English Our Official Language There are numerous arguments supporting the adoption of English as the official language of the United States. One argument is to recognize that the United States has been an English-speaking country since it was created. Our constitution and fundamental documents are all in English. Some states have adopted legislation granting official status to English. As of April 2011, 28 states had established English as the official language. This leads to another supporting argument, to unite the states that have already made English their official language. Eighty-five percent of the UN’s nations have official languages, so we should conform to the rest of the world. An overwhelming majority of US citizens already speaks English. For a major part of them English is a mother tongue. So, if there is to be one official language, English is clearly the most natural and logical choice. In addition, 28 U. S. states have already enacted laws making English their official language. According to those who are in favor of making English our official language, it would unite Americans. In the United States national disasters and terrorist attacks happen, and they seem to be happening more often. If an immigrant does not know English and an accident happens, they might not be able to communicate with police or firefighters. According to those who favor making English our official language, it would help with the citizens safety. Arguments Against Making English Our Official Language Along with the supporting arguments, there are also opposing arguments for making English the official language. Making English the official language overlooks the importance of an individual’s native language and culture. There are countries that have many official languages and they are doing well. For examples, Switzerland has four official languages and all four languages have equal status. The children are skilled in the language that is spoken in their area. United States is known as being a diverse country that house immigrants from around the world. According to those who are against making English our official language, it may show a sign of disrespect to those people who are immigrants. According to those against making English our official language, it would violate some civil rights. For example, the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment states that laws cannot discriminate against certain groups based on specific characteristics, such as race, gender, or national origin. Immigrants’ right to vote would also be violated. Studies have shown that many citizens who speak limited English use the bilingual ballots and would not vote if there were not mandated translations. Author’s View After researching this topic, it’s hard for me to pick a side, but I would have to say I’m against making English the official language. I see the United States as different than any other country. We are very diverse and unique, and making English the official language would take away from that uniqueness. No one is exactly the same, everyone is unique in their own way and I think the same deals with countries. People come to the United States because we are so diverse and we accept everyone. I think by making English the official language we would become like every other country that have an official language. The children who live here have amazing opportunities to learn different languages in school because we are so diverse. It’s important for children and teens to learn the different cultures that the United States has. I believe that not making English the official language is the best choice for the United States. References http://www.advancingequality.org/files/fact_sheet_english_only_legislation.pdf http://www.census.gov/hhes/socdemo/language/ http://dbp.idebate.org/en/index.php/Debate:_English_as_US_official_language http://www.proenglish.org/data/backgrounders.html?id=167:ten-reasons-to-make-english-the-official-language-of-the-united-states&catid=48

Organisation and Service Management in Financial Services Essay

Organisation and Service Management in Financial Services - Essay Example guided by my instructors on how to undertake a research and come up with adequate information that would help the fund managers to make proper decisions that relates to the investment portfolio that they manage. While some investment analysts undertake their responsibilities in the investment management companies where they provide financial information to the fund managers, others are hired by investment banks and stock brokers to make their own investment ideas. Basically, investment analyst key roles include evaluating investment potential and studying economic trends (Leon, 2012). Thus, as an investment analyst, one need to ensure that he or she understands financial information including company accounts, data as well as financial statements. Similarly, they should be aware of the political events and current economic data including the trend of stock market (Orman, 1997). Major skills that the investment analyst must posses includes skills related to examining and interpreting data retrieved form various sources and identifying the impact of such information on the investment decisions (Thorp, 2010). As mentioned earlier, investment analysts are hired by various types of employers. These include banks, investment companies, public and private companies among others (Trinder, 2000). Additionally, social groups that have opened bank accounts to save their annual or monthly contribution may hire the services of investment analysts in order to guide them on how to effectively invest their funds. In UK and other countries investment analyst jobs can be found in pension funds, hedge funds and real estate firms, charitable organizations, large corporation as well as wealthy individuals. As finance students, we were trained on the various skills that are needed by an investment analyst. Most importantly, the course has exposed me on how to conduct extensive research on companies’ market data as well as reading their financial statements. By identifying their

Environment policy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Environment policy - Assignment Example Initiatives to better preserve this planet, adopting a â€Å"greener† perspective, and taking steps to research and beneficially slow the damage we contribute to the planet is a good thing. There are several things that tend to stand in the way of solid government policies and interventions on this issue. Firstly, many people do not take the concern seriously. They often disregard the topic’s discussions to the ramblings of paranoid conservationists and â€Å"tree huggers.† Others disregard the concerns, founded or not, because the potential, consequential, repercussions of environmental issues will, likely, not culminate into anything serious enough to affect day to day living for generations to come; which, overall, could be considered rather selfish and definitely short-sighted. Politically, it is harder to get full support on initiatives because different states have a differing level of economic loss and gain when it comes to environmental policies. Both, Democrats and Republicans, representing states that have heavier fossil fuel productions dispute any legislature and are far less likely to support environmental interventions.("New York Times") Sev eral states have taken upon themselves to implement their own policies and initiatives to encourage a more environmentally conscious and beneficial approaches. Environmental issues are very real, they do matter, and they are worthy of taking seriously in order to preserve this planet that we all live on. In the end, however, it is not an issue simply of states, or individual countries, it is a global issue. But America’s policies, often, set an example for others around the world, perhaps greater action on our part would result in greater responses worldwide. I respect your opinion and I have to say that I agree with you that not everything that leads to planetary damage can be laid solely on the actions of humankind. However, human beings readapt their environments to suit their

Merger motives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Merger motives - Essay Example The product and market differences currently enjoyed by Boots and Alliance, will merge together in the hopes of stimulating greater growth than could be expected as separate entities. Their confidence in growth in shown by the fact that they will be paying 2.5 times of dividend despite the two companies having different dividend policies. It is aimed that the merger will be finalised in April 2006. Most companies, if not all, do mergers because they expect to perform better and be worth more together than as being apart. There are numerous benefits that companies gain from mergers and the Boots-Alliance deal is no different. Alliance had long ago announced that its plans for growth included acquisitions and mergers. With a history of acquiring patents and new pharmaceuticals to add to their product line, the addition of the Boots health and beauty line will be an appropriate addition to spur revenue growth. Alliance's drug pipeline, though not dry, has few new pharmaceuticals on the horizon. Isprelor, a new delivery method for the existing drug Misoprosol, is set for release sometime in 2006. Posidorm, a synthetic Melatonin, has entered late stage trials and hopes are for a 2007 release date (Alliance-Unichem). Posidorm, if approved, is expected to increase the Boots-Alliance revenue stream by as much as 20 percent in 2008.

Game Programming Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Game Programming - Assignment Example What A* does is generate and process the successor states in a certain way. Whenever it is looking for the next state to process, A-star employs a heuristic function to try to pick the best state to process next. If heuristic function is good, not only will A-star find a solution quickly, but it can also find the best solution possible. Brief Description:: The A* algorithm maintains two sets or ordered lists OPEN and CLOSED. OPEN list keeps a track of those nodes that need to be examined. CLOSED list keeps track of those nodes that have already been examined. Initially, OPEN list contains just the initial node. Start with initial node and insert it in ordered list OPEN list. Create a list CLOSED. This is initially an empty list. Each node 'n' maintains the following: g(n) = the cost of getting from the natal node to 'n' h(n) = the estimate, according to the heuristic function, of the cost of getting from n to the goal node. f(n) = g(n) + h(n); intuitively, this is the estimate of the best solution that goes through n. If OPEN is empty, exit with failure in algorithm. Select first node on OPEN. Remove it from OPEN and put it on CLOSED. This is node 'n'. If 'n' is goal node, exit the program. The solution is obtained by treating a path backwards along arcs in the tree from the node to n. Expand node n. This will generate successors. Read the list OPEN according to heuristic and go back to step 4. Each node maintains a pointer to its parent node, so that later on the best solution if founded can be retrieved. If n is goal node then we are done with solution given by backtracking. For each successor node n, if it is already in CLOSED list and the copy there has an equal or lower 'f' estimate,...Thus, the depths of the graph are first examined. For DFS, a stack can be maintained to keep a record of all the visited nodes, to ease the backtracking process. Given a suitable problem, we represent the initial conditions of the problem with an appropriate initial state, and the goal conditions as the goal state. For each action that is performed, generate successor states to represent the effects of the action. If this continues, at some point one of the generated successor states is the goal state, then the path from the initial state to the goal state is the solution to the problem. What A* does is generate and process the successor states in a certain way. Whenever it is looking for the next state to process, A-star employs a heuristic function to try to pick the best state to process next. If heuristic function is good, not only will A-star find a solution quickly, but it can also find the best solution possible. For each successor node n, if it is already in CLOSED list and the copy there has an equal or lower 'f' estimate, we can safely discard the newly generated n and move on. Similarly if n is already in the OPEN list and the copy there has an equal or lower 'f' estimate, we can discard the newly generated n and move on. If no better version of n exists on either the CLOSED or OPEN lists, we remove the inferior copies from the two lists and set n as the pare

Issue of health & food Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Issue of health & food - Annotated Bibliography Example Akineymi intelligently shares insights on how one can regain their health by applying right eating patterns. In spite of the health complications facing human beings, the author provides a framework that a person can embrace when working towards regaining their health. Essentially, it is important to appreciate the fact that some of the complications that arise due to the food we eat occur because we do not have the right information regarding the foods we eat. As such, the author focuses on the foods as well as the aspect of choice and its overall impact on our overall health. The author captures the potency of words when it comes to the diets we eat. As such, the author reiterates the role and impact of our feeding patterns especially concerningour overall health. The author shares important factors such as self-esteem, the importance of emotional awareness, the value of morality and the general perspectives aligned to what we eat. The reader gets a clear understanding of the importance of investing in knowledge and information especially when it comes to the individual choice of food. In the end, Asamoah shares some valuable insights on how one can benefit from an array of foods depending on their psychological orientations. Barrows shares on how a diet works within a specified timeframe. However, it requires an individual to take deliberate and informed steps when it comes to the choice. The type and nature of effects that you will experience during this process depend on several factors. The author captures some of the factors that influence or determine whether you will be successful or not. In a compelling and captivating fashion, the author shares factors to consider when choosing the right diet. The main theme of this book is on the individual freedom when choosing a diet. Minich, Deanna M. Chakra Foods for Optimum Health: A Guide to the Foods That Can Improve Your Energy, Inspire Creative Changes, Open Your

PHYLOSOPHY FINAL ESSAY Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

PHYLOSOPHY FINAL - Essay Example to as â€Å"zombies† will eventually crumble and fall, in addition to that never at one time shall an artificial creation equal or even outdo human thinking and cognitive ability. In addition, the essay will evaluate the two arguments and give a personal supported opinion that is against computationalism, the reason being the impossibility of scientists to create systems similar to humans’, thus the weakness of Dennett’s argument. Dennett (1994) argues that someday, robots will be made that will be able to function just like humans do. To him, human beings are â€Å"†¦a sort of robot ourselves†¦with extraordinarily complex self-controlling, self-sustaining physical mechanisms, designed by natural selection†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He admits that it is a wild ambition to imagine that a human replication can succeed in triumphing over nature by creating an artificial human, but it is not unachievable. The main point of his argument is based on his perspective that a consciousness machine is in no way different from a perpetual one in that both can be programmed to execute specific functions by use of physical processes. The only constriction that [his] project would encounter are the expensive costs of assembling billions of minute mechanisms to direct the robots’ actions. First of all, a robot is a material thing, whereas it is common sense that consciousness requires materialism to exist, a theory of dualism. What this means is that what a man can create will only utilize materials such as metals, plastic, wires, chips and so on, but these are never going to make anything with the ability to think on its own. The reason for that is because there is more to the human being than just the material part; the mind which is not physical, and that is what controls intelligence. Dennett counters this perspective as follows; he defines the notion of immaterial stuff as â€Å"mere superstition since all body processes are today defined and explained and understood through today’s

Diseses of the Human Body Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diseses of the Human Body - Personal Statement Example Considering that it could be left- sided colitis, which may be responsible for the abdominal cramping and bloody stools, it is life threatening and should be paid immediate attention. 3. Vomiting is quite a common reflex especially in infants because they tend to drink too much, especially when feeding from a baby bottle. However, I would find out if the parent was burping the child now and then during feeds. In some cases it could be a serious acid reflux or a hinal hernia (flap of tissue) that is a hindrance in swallowing which may be the cause for vomiting and hence not gaining weight. In this case I would ask the parent to make an appointment to check with the physician. 4. The child could be suffering from a respiratory distress syndrome which could permanently damage the lungs if not seen to immediately. The fever and cough would serve to aggravate the situation making it worse. Since the physician has left, I would refer her to another physician who is available and ask her to attend to the problem immediately. 5. Considering three children have been reported by the mother for having the same symptoms like fatigue, headache and pain in the joints, muscle and stomach, I would enquire about the kind of food they are fed and the amount of sleep they get.. These symptoms cover a broad range of disease and only when they are thoroughly examined by a physician, can the real nature of their condition be understood. In this case I would ask her to make an appointment with the physician. 1. Excessive thirst or urination in males clearly shows that it is a hormonal imbalance. Such a condition occurs in the Endocrine system and needs to be attended to at the earliest. I would fix an appointment at the earliest for this patient. 2. Swelling in the neck with difficulty in swallowing could be due to the accumulation of fluid in the tissues of the neck. It is also common for the swelling of the lymph nodes brought about by viral or

4G Security or Application Security on the Web Research Proposal

4G Security or Application Security on the Web - Research Proposal Example 4G technology is aimed in order to simplify wireless abilities, network speeds, and enhanced pictorial expertise. The characteristics of these telecommunication technologies have increased the concern about network security. As wireless system has diverse copyrighted technologies and security etiquettes, it is hard to make a universal security plan for the devices which apply multiple etiquettes such as 4G system (Akyildiz, Gutierrez-Estevez, & Reyes, 2010). Background of Study 4G requires an exclusive approach in telecommunication technology for developing operative models to accomplish its strategic objectives. The requirement of 4G networks is associated with the increased utilization of websites (such as Facebook) and improvement in download speed from internet portals which entail remarkable bandwidth (such as YouTube videos). As these websites are gaining much admiration within people nowadays, therefore it is a great prospect for telecommunication service providers to accommod ate the desires of people. However, there are a few security concerns that telecommunication provides need to address and resolve for better service (Ahmed, Garrison, Gruen, Kelly, & Pankey, 2003). Literature Review The first 4G network was developed in the year 2009 through joint venture between two organizations, Intel and Clearwire. Gradually, this technology has expanded throughout cities, states and nations all over the world. 3G networks were initially developed with the intention of forming a standard in the world for telecommunication, and the motive behind developing 4G network is to allow people to access internet independently from devices such as mobile phones. But in order to provide the enhanced facilities, there is need for high security patterns and reliability of system to ensure safe surfing. The security measures should be established in such a way so that it can enable data transmission with minimum risk (Gobjuka, 2009). Security in 4G networks generally consist of verification, privacy, reliability and authorization in order to gain network connectivity. The 4G technology is incorporated with ‘quality of service’ (QoS) and flexibility. Besides, it is also considered that the network terminal of 4G always chooses the best access point available. In the wireless network there are several security breaches that occur such as channel congestion, denial of service (DOS), illegal access, session hijacking and snooping among others. Though the issue of security had been solved mostly through utilizing manifold layers of encryption etiquette, but there are other drawbacks in this system such as unexploited power, wasted energy and greater transmission interruption. In 4G systems the model of interlayer safety network had been developed, where only a single layer is constructed for data encryption (Gardezi, 2006). But 4G needs more development with respect to mobile node (MN) flow while users roam into new telecommunication providerâ⠂¬â„¢s network (Fu, Hogrefe, Narayanan, & Soltwisch, 2004). Problem Statement The research is planned to concentrate on the security issues of 4G on the web. It is quite difficult to quantify the security risks of 4G network and what difficulties it can face from several fronts. There is need to search a definable method to establish a balance between practical application of 4G network and necessary security levels in order to ensure safety of users’ data and resources. Therefore, this research will aim at

The Meaning of Suffering Essay Example for Free

The Meaning of Suffering Essay We must never forget that we may also find meaning in life even when confronted with a hopeless situation, when facing a fate that cannot be changed. For what then matters is to bear witness to the uniquely human potential at its best, which is to transform a personal tragedy into triumph, to turn ones predicament into a human achievement. When we are no longer able to change a situationjust think of an incurable disease such as inoperable cancerwe are challenged to change ourselves. Let me cite a clear cut example: Once, an elderly general practitioner consulted me because of severe depression. He could not overcome the loss of his wife who had died two years before and whom he had loved above all else. Now, how could I help him? What should I tell him? Well, I refrained from telling him anything but instead confronted him with the question, â€Å"What would have happened, Doctor, if you had died first, and your wife would have had to survive you? â€Å"Oh,† he said, â€Å"for her this would have been terrible; how she would have suffered! † Whereupon I replied, â€Å"You see, Doctor, such a suffering has been spared her, and it was you who have spared her this suffering – to be sure, at the price that now you have to mourn her. † He said no word but shook my hand and calmly left my office. In some way, suffering ceases to be suffering at the moment it finds a meaning, such as the meaning of sacrifice. Of course this was no therapy in the proper sense since, first, his despair was no disease; and second, I could not change his fate; I could not revive his wife. But in that moment I did succeed in changing his attitude toward his unalterable fate inasmuch as from that time on he could at least see a meaning in his suffering. It is one of the basic tenets of logotherepy that man’s main concern is not to gain pleasure or to avoid pain but rather to see a meaning in his life. That is why man is even ready to suffer, on the condition, to be sure, that his suffering has a meaning†¦ There are situations in which one is cut off from the opportunity to do ones work or enjoy ones life; but what can never be ruled out is the unavoidability of suffering. In accepting this challenge to suffer bravely, life has a meaning up to the last moment, and it retains this meaning literally to the end. In other words, lifes meaning is an unconditional one, for it even includes the potential meaning of unavoidable suffering Victor Frankl in Mans Search for Meaning (pg 112-115)

Beijing 2008 Olympics Opening Ceremony

Beijing 2008 Olympics Opening Ceremony The Olympic Games are one of the most important international sporting events for most of the world. The 2008 Beijing Olympics was especially one of particular focus and attention. China has long wished to show the world its greatness and, in June 2001, it finally got that chance. The Opening Ceremony as an event was the primary opportunity for China, besides the sporting events themselves, to demonstrate its power, wealth, and prosperity to the world; through visual and artistic spectacle. It would also allow the world to observe and witness how far China has progressed, as a country, to becoming more open and willing to being a bigger part in the global community. Aspects of the Opening Ceremony may be divided into three main categories; the Political, the Historical and Cultural, and the Ideals and overall Message. The concept of Unity is one of the main historical political ideas, presented throughout the Ceremony; which may be first interpreted in the mass-scale performances. Syncopation was essential during the highly choreographed displays of drummers, martial artists, and actors and dancers; in large formations. The theme of Unity has always been significant throughout Chinese history, since the unification of China under the first Emperor in 221 BCE. With rise and fall of subsequent dynasties, the prosperity of the land depended on that unity. The idea of Unity in the new era may be more clearly displayed by the 56 children carrying the national flag, dressed in costume, representing the 56 ethnic groups of modern China; promoting China as a unified multi-ethnic, multi-cultural, nation.   Chinas economic strength is implied by the ability to fund and organize the large-scale use of fireworks, lighting, and man power; in order to put on such a spectacular mega-event. The Opening Ceremony may also be considered to be a promotion of Chinese pride and nationalism. It not only promotes Beijing itself as a city, or as the Capital, but as the center of the great country of China; as a while. This event is not only for China to impress all the foreign visitors, but may also prove to their own citizens, and to Chinese communities worldwide, how far theyve come. They have the chance to make the best impression possible on the world; and to impress all with the speed and scope of Chinas development. The Historical and Cultural aspects played a major part in the Opening Ceremony through the presentation and celebration of ancient Chinese culture. Chinese director Zhang Yimou was the creative mind behind the Ceremony. He is perhaps known to Westerners for his films Hero, House of Flying Daggers, and Curse of the Golden Flower. There is a strong focus on spectacle and aesthetic beauty, and artistic tradition and history of China, with the central theme of the four great Chinese inventions; the first being fireworks. A brief film was shown during the ceremony, displaying the second of the four great inventions of paper making. The showing of the traditional ink brush making was shown to segue way into the next performance, as a giant L.E.D. paper scroll was rolled out in the middle of the stadium. At the centre lay a canvas upon which dancers in black, with a sleeve dipped in ink, left trail marking as they moved on the paper; creating a landscape of mountains, a river, and the sun. The look of it was in the style of traditional ink painting. Their dance was accompanied by the music of a Guqin, the ancient Chinese seven-stringed zither. It was a blending of brush painting, dance, and music, and the connection of all the fine arts as part of the same philosophical artistic process. In celebration of the Chinese language, of movable blocks were used in a large formation to present three variations of the character for harmony; another political ideal. The performance pays tribute to the third great invention of the movable type press. Meanwhile, hundreds of costumed Han Dynasty feather-capped scholars, holding bamboo scrolls, sang out key excerpts from Analects of Confucius. Confucius was one of the most significant ancient philosophers that helped shape Chinese society, who still retains importance and influence in East Asia today. Other presentations artistic traditions of Beijing Opera and Puppetry were performed. A grounded map of the Ancient Silk Road was a ccompanied by Tang Dynasty dancers. The last of the great Chinese inventions, the compass, was held by the central actor in a performance presenting the voyages of Zheng He; the Ming Dynasty eunuch who led seven great naval expeditions to explore the world from 1405 to 1433. All these represent Chinas glorious past. The following segment represented present day China, with a performance by pianist Lang Lang surrounded by luminescent performers; who arranged themselves into the Dove of Peace. The Doves wings took flight as the performers moved. A young girl, suspended by wire, ran in mid-air while flying a kite. 2,008 of male performers, in white, took formation to display a mass performance of Tai Chi in fluid unison; a martial art based on the principles of the Yin and Yang, and harmony with nature. The ink painted landscape returned for a group of schoolchildren to add their marks by colouring over it, while chanting poetry; suggesting an environmental and Green Olympics. The in t he landscape was filled in with a smiley face. The accompanying light presentation showed bright coloured birds, flying into the sky; possibly to further the thoughts of peace, or environmentalism. An astronaut, and a giant glowing ball representing Earth, came forth to represent modern, and possibly future, space exploration. The ball changed colour and glowed like a Chinese lantern, while acrobats tumbled rolled along its surface. Chinese and British singers, Li Huan and Sarah Brightman, stood on top of the ball which reverted back to showing the Earth, and sang the 2008 Olympic theme song You and Me; in both Mandarin and English. It was a song of friendship and peace. The 2,008 performers returned, with bearing parasols with images of the smiling children; and fireworks in the shape of smiley faces were ignited. The Opening Ceremony was the event for Beijing to welcome the world. They were able to introduce, or share more of, Chinese culture and heritage to the world. It also showed a new sense of China, more built on unity, peace, harmony, and openness with the global community. These ideals were made clear throughout the Ceremony as part of the themes for the 2008 Olympics; the slogan being One World, One Dream. China opening itself to the world is perceived in the Beijing Olympic Logo; a stylized representation of the character of Jing, meaning capital. The character resembles a dancing figure with arms wide open, and Chinas invitation and welcome to the world. The Red in the emblem is the Chinese colour of good luck and fortune. The Mascots for the 2008 Games, called Fuwa, have five members; Beibei, Jingjing, Huanhuan, Yingying, and Nini. Their designs were inspired by a fish, a giant panda, a flame, a Tibetan antelope, and a swallow; each also representing one of the five Olympic rings. Put together, their names for a pun on the phrase Beijing huanying ni, meaning, Beijing welcomes you. The Olympic Committee also chose three specific themes to promote for 2008. The first was technological Olympics, as high-tech media broadcasting and promotion was important to a successful Olympics; the 2008 Beijing Olympics being the first in history to be broadcasted in high-definition. The second theme was humanistic, and the original ideal that the Olympics is a cultural event; for all people. It not only refers back to the contributions by Ancient Greece, but is also gives the Chinese people the opportunity to share their own 5000 years of traditional and modern culture. Harmony of humanity also includes harmony with nature, which leads to the final theme of a green Olympics. China worked hard to tackle this issue in preparation for the 2008 Olympics, to accommodate the arrival of so many foreign spectators and athletes; to be able to attend and perform in an agreeable enviro nment. While pollution as one of the main criticisms China faces today, it remains a problem in many other countries; and was a question raised for many previous Olympic cities. The 2008 Games were used to continue to increase global awareness and the promotion of green consumption. The 2008 Beijing Olympics was the means for China to demonstrate its wealth and power to the world. It was through art and creativity, demonstrated by the Opening Ceremony, that China was able to celebrate and share its culture with the rest of the world; while also supporting current day ideals of peace, harmony, progress, and environmentalism. It was a promotion of a new image of China as willing and ready to open itself to all, and to be accepted as among the worlds top respectable countries. Bibliography: http://en.beijing2008.cn/ Gold, John R. And Margaret M. Gold, Olympic Cities: City Agendas, Planning and the Worlds Games, 1896-2012. London: Routledge, 2007 Fan, Hong, Duncan Mackay, and Karen Christensen. China Gold: Chinas Quest for Global Power and Olympic Glory. Great Barrington: Berkshire Publishing Group, 2008.

How does Macbeth Change throughout the Play?

How does Macbeth Change throughout the Play? Throughout the course of the play, Macbeths character changes from good to evil. As the audience we are given ample opportunities to look at the way in which he changes and the influences that help bring about the shift in character. Shakespeare also uses dramatic devices to highlight Macbeths change. In this essay the influences that Macbeth was exposed to and the effect that Shakespeares use of dramatic devices has on the audiences understanding will be explored. A soliloquy is a classical literary technique it is the act of speaking while alone, especially when used as a theatrical device that allows a characters thoughts and ideas to be conveyed to the audience. In a play, soliloquies are important because these are the thoughts of the character and he/she will always be telling the truth. The soliloquies let the audience keep up with how the main characters are thinking so that the writer can create the image that there are many sides to every character. Shakespeare uses soliloquies to give us an insight as to what Macbeth is thinking, they are un-edited thoughts and opinion that he is not saying to anyone else. As Shakespeare does not use a narrator who can explain what Macbeth really thinks, it is important for Macbeth that he uses soliloquies; as he is a complex character, his entire personality changes throughout the course of the play. Soliloquies are a window directly into his thoughts and emotions. Without them, we would only know, as much as the other characters and by knowing more there is sometimes some dramatic irony which therefore gives the audience power. Macbeth has a few fatal flaws which allow him to receive the title of a traditional tragic hero. The first is his à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦vaulting ambition, and arrogance. This is a result of his hubris, tragic greed and pride. It is these excessive qualities which usually lead to the downfall and ultimately the death of a tragic hero in classical tragedy. After temptation from his wife and witches to perform murder Macbeth, makes this fall from a brave and noble general. This hubris is seen in many of Shakespeares other tragic plays where there is always a tragic hero who realises the error of their ways when it too late. This is seen in plays such as Anthony and Cleopatra, Othello and Hamlet. In William Shakespeares tragic play Macbeth, the state of mind of Macbeth deteriorates throughout the play as we see the transformation of Macbeth, from hero to villain. At the beginning of the play, Macbeth and Banquo are told to have been fighting in the battle. Macbeth is then hailed as brave Macbeth, as a hero because he has killed the rebel McDonald and is continuing to face the Norwegian troops successfully. Then we are told that Macbeth has triumphed again capturing the traitor Cawdor, obtaining ransom and a favourable peace treaty from the King of Norway. For brave Macbeth well he deserves that name - is used by a Sergeant to describe his actions in battle. O valiant cousin, worthy gentleman are used by the King. This shows that Macbeth really was a hero; as such, a compliment from the King was considered a great honour. The King, Duncan sentences Cawdor to death and rewards Macbeth with his title. He becomes a tyrant due to his ruthless ambition to be King, spurred on by some interfering witches putting ideas into his head by predicting that he will be King and Lady Macbeth, his bossy wife. Macbeth feels less and less guilty about the murders he has committed but Lady Macbeths mind deteriorates throughout the play, and slowly the locked up guilt drives her mad. In Act 1 Scene 3 the three witches greet Macbeth as Thane of Cawdor, Glamis and finally King. The belief in the existence and power of witches was widely believed in Shakespeares day, as confirmed by the witch hunt craze. The practice of witchcraft was seen to undermine and threaten the established order of religion and society, and so was not tolerated. The belief of the majority during the seventeenth century suggests that the witches are powerful figures who can exercise great power over Macbeth. Also King James the First took a great interest in witches, having many killed, however most importantly he believed in witchcraft and its power. The three witch characters in Macbeth are seen as evil. It could be concluded that they were responsible for creating Macbeths evil desire for the throne, therefore the audience may be influenced by Shakespeares portrayal of the witches and believe his representation of them. Macbeths character begins to develop in the way he reacts to the witches prophecies. The witches planted seeds of ambition in his mind and he lets them fester until he begins to believe them. Later in the scene Macbeth is actually announced Thane of Cawdor. In a soliloquy Macbeth ponders upon what the witches have predicted This supernatural soliciting cannot be ill cannot be good. If ill why hath it given me earnest of success commencing in a truth? At this point Macbeth is trying to convince himself that there is nothing wrong with what has happened and that if it were evil then something good would not have come from it. The fact that repetition is used emphasises the main theme of the play, the balance between good and evil. When evil prevails everything takes a turn for the worst reminding us to choose good over evil. He then goes on to say: My Thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical. This quotation shows that Macbeths idea to murder Duncan is still only a fantasy and is not reality, indicating he is unsure and may need persuasion either way. At this point in the play he is in doubt or sitting on the fence. Banquo then interrupts Macbeth during his speech saying Look how our partners rapt. This could symbolise how there is a direct contrast as now Banquo is the symbol of good and Macbeths integrity is in question. Macbeth then says: If chance will have me king then chance will crown me without my stir. From this quote w e can see that Macbeth is willing to let fate take its course, and accepts that what will be, will be. The witches prophecies make him believe he will be crowned without having the act noble. However this is not what happens, Macbeth feels the need to direct his destiny to ensure his place on the throne. The next soliloquy is short and it deals with Macbeths views on who was the currant heir to the throne the Prince of Cumberland. -The Prince of Cumberland: that is a step on which I must fall down, or else oerleap, for in my Way it lies. At this point Macbeth is filled with anger and jealousy. Macbeth is stating that the Prince of Cumberland is in the way of him and the throne. Macbeth knows he must deal with the prince somehow, or else he will be beaten by him. At the end of the speech his tone is more calm and controlled as he maintains his decency and morality by masking what lies beneath. Let not light see my black and deep desires. It is apparent that he is surer than in the previous speech as no questions are asked, showing his state of mind is less doubtful. Although he is angry, especially at the beginning of the speech, Macbeth seems clearer in his mind about his plans concerning gaining the throne. However he is still aware that it is wrong to think such black thoughts. The main change in Macbeths character from the previous speech is that he is more certain in his mind and in his actions. He is more decisive and in addition he is becoming increasingly deceptive. In the next soliloquy, in Act I Scene 7, Macbeth finds himself struggling with his conscience, over the possibility of regicide. He is troubled that the consequences he would face were enormous, and that there are many reasons why he should not murder Duncan. At the beginning of the soliloquy he has made no decision as to whether the deed will be carried out and at the end of the soliloquy he is still undecided. Macbeth is speaking as his servants are preparing for Duncans arrival at Macbeths castle. This is also a time when Macbeth realises that what the witches predicted is coming true. The soliloquy opens with a euphemism of the word murder If it were done. Macbeth uses this, and other, euphemisms because murderous thoughts are alien to him. Macbeth is depicted by the language to be a very moral and conscientious man. The euphemisms show that the horrid deed disgusts him, because he knows that regicide is a serious sin punishable by eternal damnation. There is also an example of alliteration in this speech: If th Assassination Could trammel up the Consequence, and catch, With his Surcease, Success The sibilance used in this quotation draws attention to surcease and success. The use of these words is ironic because, it is very rare that death and success are related to each over. Macbeth is willing to sacrifice the afterlife for greatness, now, in this life. At this point Macbeth is clearly giving the idea considerable serious thought. He goes on to list all the decisions why he shouldnt kill Duncan. This shows he is still logical in his decisions and he is aware of how traitorous it is for a host and kinsman to kill the king. He should be the one person who should risk his own life to stop such a thing happening to the king whilst he is in his house Not bear the knife myself .In this soliloquy Macbeth reveals to the audience his lose morals, because the theme of this speech is that he regards murder as worthwhile and thinks there is nothing wrong with it if you benefit. However Macbeth recognises that it is his ambition to become King that will lead to his downfall. But in these cases We still have Judgement here, that we but teach Bloody Instructions, which, being taught, return To plague th Inventor. Macbeth is now aware that his bad deeds will come back and plague him; this is a factor which occurs in most of Shakespeares tragedies where the main character contributes to his own downfall. At this point in the play the audience may start to really dislike his character. He is showing no signs of doubt. It shows he can not differentiate between good and evil because he is so ambitious he is focused only on becoming King and it does not matter to him how he achieves his goal. During the next soliloquy the murder is immanent; Macbeth is waiting for the bell which is the signal for him to go a kill Duncan. This is a very edgy and tense time for Macbeth his mind is tormented and so he begins to hallucinate, and he sees a dagger. Is this a Dagger which I see before me, The handle toward my Hand? Having this speech just before the murder creates an air of apprehension. There is a sense that there is no going back. The bell which Lady Macbeth rings is a sign for the act of murder to begin; this adds to the intensity of the speech and creates suspense. Macbeth is now more recognisable as evil. The bell signals the beginning of the end for Macbeth, his character can never return after this night, and his deeds become more and more gruesome and evil as the play progresses. It now seems that he is eager to murder Duncan; Come let me clutch thee. This shows that Macbeth is anticipating how the murder will be carried out. Instead of contemplating whether he will murder Duncan, he is now deciding how to murder Duncan. Macbeth is no longer using the reasoning, which separated him from animals, and has reduced himself to the level of an animal. The animal, which is mentioned, is the wolf, which in Macbeths age, was a symbol of witchcraft and evil, again showing that Macbeth is now predominantly evil. His lack of reason is shown by the less frequent use of euphemisms. Even though Macbeth still uses some euphemisms, his conscience is scorched, and during this soliloquy he uses the word murder for the first time. Macbeth himself seems to have an exceptionally low view of himself at this point; he compares himself to a rapist, a ghost and a wolf. The Wolf, Whose Howls his Watch, thus with his stealthy Pace, With Tarquins ravishing Sides, towards his design moves like a ghost. Macbeth despises himself for what he is about to do, it shows weakness in his character because he is willing to sacrifice any sort of morals which he had before to satisfy his greed. At the end of the speech a rhyming couplet is used to emphasise the murderous deed as Macbeth hopes the bell does not wake Duncan for with it comes his death. - Hear it not, Duncan, for it is a Knell, That summons thee to Heaven or to Hell The next soliloquy in Act 3 Scene 1 is a reflective one as Macbeth is now king, you would have thought that at this point he would be content having achieved his goal. This soliloquy contains thoughts of Banquo as Macbeth feels threatened by him, as the witches told him that Banquo will get kings not be one meaning his sons will become kings, this scares Macbeth. In this speech a lot of Banquos qualities are listed like how wise, brave and noble he is. There are definitely some similarities between Banquo and Macbeth at the beginning of the play. Macbeth still has a very high view of himself, even though he is now a murdering tyrant. My Genius is rebukd, as it is said Mark Antonys was by Ceasar. This shows how Macbeth sees himself as a genius and also compares himself to previous great emperors such as Mark Antony. Nevertheless, deep into the story Macbeth still refers back to what the witches said, it is obvious they were a big influence on the play and on Macbeths actions. They haild him Father to a Line of Kings. Upon my Head they placd a fruitless Crown, And put a barren Sceptre in my Gripe Here it is said by Macbeth that the witches had told him that Banquo would have sons who would become Kings, and he would not have children who would become heir to the throne. Macbeth feels bitter and jealous because he has fought and given up so much to become king and now he feels it was all pointless, perhaps he is beginning to regret all his evil deeds. For them the gracious Duncan have I murderd. The fact that Macbeth has referred to King Duncan as gracious shows that he still has respect for him and may be starting to regret his deeds. This speech is essentially saying Macbeth knows that he has sacrificed a great deal but is still not a lot better off, and still it is Banquo who is prophesied to be the happy one with his children being part of a long line of Kings. Macbeth is beginning to see his own demise and feels; regret and fear and traces of guilt for the murder of Duncan. However outwardly he is still confident, happy and able to carry out murders if he feels it can sa ve him. In the soliloquies found in Act 5, Scene 3 the speech provokes sympathy for a now wrecked and broken man. As the first words are I am sick at heart this is quite a ground breaking statement as it is Macbeth declaring he is depressed and he is emotionally troubled. Perhaps his heart is ill due to it being polluted with regret and with all the evil he has committed, and for what? There is no material gain for Macbeth and definitely no emotional gain. There a slight hint of suicide about this speech as Macbeth says I have livd long enough. He uses colours again to symbolise how he is feeling at the time and also autumnal metaphors, mentioning the Yellow Leaf which implies that he has passed his time and is a wilting leaf whom is dying and will drop to the ground and be forgotten. This is on the whole a sad soliloquy as it is shows the audience Macbeths absolute regret and his acceptance that what he has done did have consequences, in that he has lost all his honour, he is not loved, he is incapable to be obedient and is lonely without a friend in the world. As Honour, Love, Obedience, Troops of Friends, I must look not to have There is a significant alteration in Macbeths character now as he now no longer possesses the desire to do anything with his life, he has lost all ambition and any drive towards anything, his attitude is extremely pessimistic. The final soliloquy just reiterates what was said in the previous soliloquy. It talks about the death of Lady Macbeth, life and the fragility of it. An excellent example of just how demoralised Macbeth is at this stage of the play is his reaction to the news that his wife has died. His reaction is not mournful and there are not even any signs of sadness, he merely says that now is not a good time for her to die and there would have been an appropriate time for he to pass away. She should have did hereafter; There would have been a Time for such a Word The final lines of the soliloquy probably reflect his view on life: it is a Tale Told by an Idiot, full of Sound and Fury Signifying nothing. Throughout the play we see a complete and extreme change of Macbeths character, with a few aspects remaining constant. In the beginning, he is a faithful and loyal servant of the King but this soon changes. Both the witches and Lady Macbeth help his ambition develop and fester in his mind. In the beginning Macbeth is determined to prove to his wife that he loves her and his worth as a man. However, from this point onwards Macbeths ambition motivates him and overcomes his conscience, making him increasingly determined that nobody is going to stand in his way. He no longer needs Lady Macbeths persuasion and involves her less and less in his business. Nothing else appears to matter to him except his kingship and he is prepared to do anything to keep it, despite the fact he knows it is wrong. He reached the height of his wickedness when he mercilessly slaughtered Macduffs family, women and children. By the end of the play he has turned into a evil, slightly mad, tyrant and his determinat ion to keep hold of his crown eventually costs him his life.

Electronic Health Record Essay -- Information Technology

After decades of paper based medical records, a new type of record keeping has surfaced - the Electronic Health Record (EHR). EHR is an electronic or digital format concept of an individual’s past and present medical history. It is the principle storage place for data and information about the health care services provided to an individual patient. It is maintained by a provider over time and capable of being shared across different healthcare settings by network-connected information systems. Such records may include key administrative and clinical data relevant to that persons care under a particular provider. Examples of such records may include: demographics, physician notes, problems or injuries, medications and allergies, vital signs, medical history, immunizations, laboratory data, radiology reports and billing information (www.cms.gov). The EHR’s purpose can be understood as a complete record of patient encounters that automates access to information and has t he potential to streamline the clinician's workflow in a healthcare setting. It also has the ability to support other care-related activities directly or indirectly through various interfaces, including evidence-based decision support, quality management, and outcomes reporting (www.cms.gov; â€Å"Electronic Health Records†, 2010). One of the main purposes of the EHR is to improve and strengthen the relationship between clinicians and their patients. It also is an attempt to reduce patient suffering due to medical errors and aid healthcare workers to make better decisions in providing quality care. The collection of data can also prevent test duplications, delays in treatments and procedures, prescription interactions, automate templates and/or forms and improve clarity... ...p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_Level_7 Medical record privacy. (2010, August 9). Retrieved August 10, 2010 from http://epic.org/privacy/medical/ Tegan, Anne, et al. "The EHR's Impact on HIM Functions." Journal of AHIMA 76, no.5 (May 2005): 56C-H. Sprague, Lisa. (2004, September 29). Electronic health records; How close? How far to go?Retrieved August 10, 2010 from https://www.nhpf.org/library/issue-briefs/IB800_EHRs.pdf Leavitt, Mark. (2008, September 25). The Positive impacts of certification – bigger than anyone realized. Retrieved August 11, 2010 from http://ehrdecisions.com/2008/09/25/the-positive-impacts-of-certification-%E2%80%93-bigger-than-anyone-realized/ Morton, Mary. (2010). EHR acceptance factors in ambulatory care; a survey of physician perceptions. Retrieved August 11, 2010 from http://library.ahima.org/xpedio/groups/public/documents/ahima

Shirley Jacksons The Lottery and Albert Camus The Guest :: essays research papers

Two great works known for irony, in one a great author, Albert Camus, creates a masterpiece and in the other, a masterpiece creates a great author, Shirley Jackson. Camus had been known to the world and his works had been studied even without the presence of â€Å"l’hote† or known as The Guest, but Shirley Jackson was a nobody till she wrote The Lottery and stunned the world. Both works are studied as pieces of irony but I believe both to be great works in other, with a twist of irony in the conclusion, although, worth mentioning, the ironies both serve to the other purpose rather than the plane simple sake of irony. The Guest, a pen and paper advert for Paul Sartre’s Existentialism, carries traces of this thought throughout, while, The Lottery, being a symbolic society questioner, with its many symbols undermines the American society. But both short stories carry within them even more, they talk of breaking the norms, they speak of minorities, giving up, and waste of life. The Existentialists say man is free to choose yet the choice and having to choose is inevitable and this is seen in The Guest where the Arab is forced into Daru’s life so thrusting upon him the crossroad of what to do with the Arab, either turn him in or let him go. In Existentialist belief due to the exact same choice man is always anxious and hesitant, not knowing whether his choice is proper or not, is it accepted by others or not, and this is seen so clearly again by the simple repetition of the word â€Å"hesitation† and its other forms in the story: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The orders? I’m not†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Daru hesitated†¦ {A choice forced upon him} 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He served Balducci more tea, hesitated, the†¦ {Hesitation before the person forcing the situation upon him} 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The old gendarme hesitated. â€Å"It’s up to you†¦ {Hesitation while expressing choice} 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Arab hesitated, then bit into†¦ {Hesitation before even life’s inevitables such as eating} 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the classroom, before going out, he hesitated a second†¦ {Hesitation before making a choice} 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Looked hesitantly at the motionless Arab†¦ {Hesitation before the source of choice} 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Daru hesitated. The sun rather high†¦ {Hesitant look at life} In the end Daru tries to get out of choosing by putting responsibility of the choice on the Arab but this in itself is again choosing. Existentialist beliefs express the dilemma in life and again is shown by Daru not being able to decide what to do with the Arab, whether to go against his country, and let the Arab free to choose, or go against his morals, and turn him in, and all life comes to the crossroad dilemma between freedom and prison for the Arab.

Consumers Attitude Toward Apartment in Bangladesh Essay

All the actions have a motivational component that led him towards an action or behavior. A person needs, wants, interests and motives are changing and consumers’ behaviors are directed accordingly. Most of the businesses are on the principle of profit maximization and on the other hand consumers goals are to maximize their utility and satisfaction. As far apartment is concerned developers want their profit maximization and utility and satisfaction from consumers’ point of view. Housing or shelter is a physiological need for every human being. Purpose of the report This report is one of the requirements of our consumer behavior course. Despite this, we tried to evaluate and examine those factors that motivated them to undertake a buying decision and their perception and attitude towards apartment. Objectives of the report Identify and analyze the motivational factors that lead to consumers to buy an apartment, their perception about the apartment and market condition and trend in Real Estate Business. Scope of the report The report is a product of existing practices in the market. We were encouraged to reveal the current participation in the real estate business. In our report we examined the consumer behavior and learning (knowledge & information) towards owning an apartment. For our report we have prepared a questionnaire and asked people living in an apartment and potential buyers as well as people who are willing to rent an apartment. The other side of the coin that is developers is not responsive as far as cost profit and promotions are concerned. They are responsive to reply the questions of segment, target market and potentiality of the industry. Limitation of the report Time was the prime factor that dictates us to lower our sample size. Initially we tried to conduct 25 people (both living in an apartment and potential buyers) and 5 developers but in reality we conducted 15 (both living in an apartment and potential buyers) and three developers. Company’s management was not so much cooperative and provided inadequate information, which had a material, affect. We didn’t find any institution that formally gather information about real estate business and the structure of the industry. We found only BIDC that undertook a research on real estate in 1991. But after searching different newspaper offices we found some secondary information. We didn’t find any journal in our library as far apartment as well as real estate industry is concerned. Consumers were not homogeneous in determining the factors that persuade them to own an apartment. The scatteredness of the consumer poses limitation in comparison between factors influencing and persuading the decision making process. Methodology  At first we tried to gather secondary information and secondary data. But the volume of the secondary information was not adequate as a result we conducted a survey. Regarding the collection of the primary data we have prepared a questionnaire and in some extend we interviewed personally (Depth interview). So we may title our report as a combination of quantitative as well as qualitative research. We attached some news bulletin of real estate that may help to visualize the current position. Our sample is composed of 15 consumers and 5 developers. We covered only Dhaka city and selected area namely Gulshan, Bananni, Dhanmondi and Moghbazar. The variables used in our report are income, price, age, occupation, social status, employment and preferences. We followed finding analysis technique to come to a conclusion, which may or may not support our objectives. Background (inception) of the Industry The concept of apartment is not very old. In Dhaka city, The real estate business, especially apartment projects, started in the late 1970s and early 1980s. In Dhaka City, the Ispahani Group was the pioneer in this sector. In the early 1980s with the inception of Eastern Housing LTD, the business started flourishing. The industry growth rate is about 15%. More than 57 real state developers are now operating in this business and it is a booming sector of the economy. From the traditional perspective, people used to live in own house or as rental basis. After the independence, population of Bangladesh had risen very sharply in an alarming population growth rate. Due to this reason the demand of living facilities of huge population became a crucial and challenging problem to optimize the land, which will allow to accommodate a large number of people in relatively small land, the apartment concept had been created to meet the objective. As far Dhaka city is concerned the apartment can provide shelter for the large number of people. This situation welcomed the apartment business to flourish. However, at first the culture and traditional life style became the constraints to adopt this way of living. As time passed people modify their beliefs, attitude and perception. People became interested about the issue while the demand to own an apartment began to rise. Since the late 1980s to now on construction of apartments are increasing. Recently the competition among developers take an intense form that give more bargaining power of buyer over developers. Our report reveals that people are becoming more sensitive about the developers. They are searching for more information about the price, design, features and facilities of the apartment as well as the educational background of the developer. Many factors influence the consumer behavior and family life cycle.

Globalization and Sustainability: The Importance of Government

The world was once vast and unknown. Communication was once dreaded as messages would take exceeded amounts of time from one point of destination to the next. Countries would not know of each other†s affairs for months because the world was large beyond anyone†s imagination. But as soon as technology reared its head the world rapidly became smaller. It modified everything within its grasp. Communication that once took months could now take seconds. Travelling abroad that would have taken years now took hours. Every institution that fell into this form of globalisation changed. It is obvious to see that governments have also been effected by globalisation in such ways that they can either imitate or contrast with each other. Yet a controversy exists about the issue on the effect of globalisation on governmental power. On one side of the argument globalisation is considered as a force that weakens the power of government whereas others debate the contrary, claiming that there is no effect and power remains constant. Still both arguments fail because of the extremity that they impose. A better argument would be that globalisation does effect government power, not to the point of weakening, but ensuring that no abuse of power occurs unknowingly. Globalisation is simply a tool that enables the actions of governments to be monitored by other countries and world organisations. With comparison of Australian and Canadian environmental policy, it will be clear that actions taken by the government have been influenced (not controlled) by globalisation. The idea of the world becoming a small interactive village is what many would consider the effect of globalisation. Boundaries are no longer an issue and can be crossed with an easy click of the mouse. But globalisation is far from being a new concept that came along with technology. It has existed since humans have had curiosity. The exploring of new lands, the discovery of new peoples and nations, to the fascination of nature†s physical features, people have been in the process of globalisation for centuries. Technology had simply allowed globalisation to progress a little more rapidly than what it had accomplished in the past. Although it seems that globalisation brings promise of a unified Utopian society this is far from becoming the truth. Today†s world is based on the market. The selling of goods and services to the consumer to gain profit. Therefore globalisation has become the expansion of the market place with greater opportunities for production and trade in new locations. 1 Relations are established between nations, not for the mere satisfaction of peace, but for the insurance that a trading partner exists where profit can be gained. This motivation from profit leads to the element of the manufacturing process. In order to achieve maximum profit corporations need to spend less in producing a product. They go about this through means of cheap energy fuel (usually fossil fuels like coal), low labour wages, and cutting costs in waste disposal. For an exceeded amount of time corporations have been able to escape the clutches of the law because it was seen that damage to the environment was a small price to pay in exchange for high profits. For instance abuse to the Canadian forests in the past two centuries has led to a large proportion of it being cut, 8 000 kilometres long and hundreds of kilometres wide. When large damage has been inflicted only then will people†s concerns be aroused. Governments then needed to intervene, to steer corporations from inflicting anymore damage to resources and environment. Canadian government had only made environmental policy a main concern since 1985. It was in the Ontario provincial election where pollution was made a significant issue. This was the first time ever that the issue of pollution was made a priority. Ever since the topic of concern for pollution has been maintained by both provincial and federal institutions. Australia on the other hand began its involvement on the issue in 1980. It was in this year that the World Conservation Strategy was published and the country took it upon itself to formulate a similar document that would help enforce the idea of sustainable environment throughout the nation. 4 Although government intervention seems to guarantee some progress towards sustainability the idea of globalisation alters the desired effects. World trade allows the cheapest producer to gain maximum profits. Competition for profits is then always present. In order for competition to exist all producers must somehow keep product costs low while maintaining or increasing product output. If legislation is passed within a country that holds a corporation responsible for destruction to the environment by means of their waste, corporations can still outrun any consequences from their actions. It is difficult to prosecute institutions because they are essential. 5 They provide jobs, goods and services, and distribute money towards many organisations. The industry allows economy to prosper as well as many citizens that partake in the production and consumption of the goods. The destruction of the environment is seen as irrelevant to the benefits of cash profit that the industry brings. What corporations fail to observe is the future outlook. The concern is only on maximum exploitation for maximum gain. No corporation has interest in conservation because of the mentality of whatever is left by a corporation will simply be used by a competitor. 6 Yet the immediate gains will not always be present because sooner or later resources will be exhausted and there will then be a failure to produce, soon followed by a collapse within the industry production and profit. Sustainability will ensure that resources can be reserved as well as allowing time for some replenishment. It is for this reason that governments have decided to be involved, for a fall in industry would lead to a fall in the economy and the welfare of the state. Canada and Australia share the same vision when it comes to sustainability. Both understand that environmental policy is essential to maintain a prosperous nation. There has been a similar vision on the purpose of developing environmental policy. The development is to allow (i) multiple times scales in which the present is considered as well as the near and farther future; (ii) effect on various dimensions of social life where economy, environment, and social equity are viewed as equal; and (iii) diverse social and ecological scales where region and locality are a concern as well as the global nation. 7 All three aspects are to produce an ecologically balanced society, with stable institutions designed to assure equilibrium within tolerances that the natural environment can support. This is much easier said than done. The event of there being total agreement is never achieved and compromising always leads to one or all parties involved to be unsatisfied. In order to satisfy government policy, as well as avoid negative outbreaks by environmental conscience citizens, corporations need to follow the specified guidelines of environmental sustainability. Institutions then need to pay much more attention and effort towards waste elimination and treatment. This costs a substantial amount of money. Two options are to either increase product prices or cut spending on other operations within the process. Increasing prices would allow costs to be covered and avoid in any profit loss experienced by the corporation but high prices could cause for decrease in profit for it causes a decrease in profits by the lower prices This again is a of current competitors. This is the reason why the second option is more favourable. Cutting costs in the operation allows for the same amount to be spent on production and in some instances even less. Most popular method of cutting is within the removal of management layers. By eliminating certain amounts of staff and replacing them with computers and automation manufacturing processes companies can then compete in the world market. 9 This occurs mostly in wealthy nations such as Canada, Australia, England, and the United States. Since poor nations have no strict policies on labour leading to low wage structures, production by corporations within these nations can produce product cheaply and sell at an admirably low price. Since wealthy nations have high labour costs, expensive social programs, and a high degree of foreign investment, in order to compete in the world market they choose to employ less. 11 It seems to be a simple enough tactic but other corporations have been so used to a certain process of production that instead of changing their methods they would rather relocate to poorer nations in which they could keep profits or exceed them tenfold. Globalisation leads to the reallocation of corporations. In less hostile environments, these corporate conglomerates can destroy and manipulate the environment to their pleasing and will not be accused for they supply many jobs in a poor nation that needs income to fuel its economy. This global mobility allows corporations to escape environmental policy. The acceleration of jobless growth in poor nations leads to unemployment, creating pressures that allow economic activity that is destructive as well as it undermines efforts of mitigation, planning, and regulatory enforcement. 2 Environmental policy with absence of enforcement leads to the lack of interest in enforcement. The NAFTA agreement, the elimination of tariffs among trading countries, between the United States, Canada, and the developing Mexico is a good example of how businesses escape strict policy. Because of Mexico†s low wage enforcement and anti-union government, environmental policy falls prey to lower standards and enforcement. 13 The nation really does feel opposed to the destruction but if they fail to allow industries to do so they will lose business to global mobility. The problem is does not lie on government passing legislation for policies have been made. The problem lies within the amount of enforcement that is dedicated on ensuring that the policies are practised to the full extent. Not every country has the same view when enforcement of policy is the issue. Some nations are better off than others so it is easier for them to proceed with strict enforcement but Third World countries, in order to compete in the world market, are more lenient because of the need to better establish a prosperous economy. This is a main concern among many because the problem is never fully solved but simply reallocated. This is when international policy becomes a suggested solution. Governments need to strike a common chord with each other when it comes to environmental sustainability. It needs to be seen that if restrictions are present and enforced equally throughout all nations then the concept of conservation will be spread throughout globally. In order for this to succeed a new flow of financing and technology for environmental conservation needs to be achieved. Third World nations would also not feel the pressure to exploit for maximum profit if debts were alleviated and industrial countries initiated programs to provide access to technical assistance, training technology transfer, and planning grants to increase their capacity to manage environmental and energy challenges. 15 Through this method it would allow nations to stand on equal ground and be able to maintain a harmony between nature and industry. This is a fantasy to be achieved for the motive of wealth is always the motivation that leads to the neglecting of policies. The proposal of a world government is an idea that could ensure that a universal policy be followed by all countries and ensure that enforcement be weighted equally among all nations. A world government generates both relief and fear when it boils down to policy making. The relief comes that all nations are treated equally and must follow all laws that have been passed by this supreme institution. Yet, not all nations are equal even though the idea of it sounds appealing. Some nations are better off than others are so it is difficult for everyone to participate fully when some nations can achieve goals easier than others can. The main fear springs from the idea of losing identity and power. A single government representing the world of many different cultures and beliefs is very hard to imagine. Minorities might feel threatened in that they have no legitimate say in the outcomes of producing legislation. This in turn leads to the representation of governments in countries. They would feel threatened in the sense that they truly have no power since the world government would be the one in control of matters of all countries globally. So, what needs to be done is not the production of a world government but an alliance between world organisations and existing governments. Globalisation through this method does not infringe on the power of government but allows for compromise to occur and for then to understand the need for a unified co-operation to maintain the environment and resources for future enjoyment and use. In Australia for instance, the Confederation of Australian Industry and the Australian Conservation Foundation, along side with a number of state governments, agreed to endorse the National Conservation Strategy for Australia in 1986. This promoted the need to save the environment and ecological beauty of Australia for there was a realisation that damage to the environment would lead to damage to the economy. The concern was in tourism. The natural environment is a critically important part of tourism and is increasingly being recognised as such through the term â€Å"Ecotourism†. 17 Through globalisation and government assistance it is possible to see the importance of conservation which in turn would set precedence for other countries to follow. This was the main intention by the Australian Tourism Industry Association who argued that tourism can and does (i) enhance environmental appreciation by changing people†s attitudes; (ii) act as a justification for environmental conservation; (iii) enhance environmental management for conservation; and (iv) enrich the social and cultural environment of the Australian community. 18 A global government may have a unilateral authority and may think broadly but it can not possibly reach out to everyone†s interests in the decision making. Mutual adjustment is the best method to solving the environmental problem by the use of global co-ordination. When this occurs it produces policies and plans that take account many positions that exist. A country†s own government needs to be aware of the essential needs of its people and must respond to the concerns of various authorities of energy, roads and highways, land use, city planning, air and rail transport, and industrial policy. 20 These needs then need to co-relate with those needs presented by organisations that stand for the protection of the planets resources and environment. Governments have not lost power but need to re-learn how to distribute their influence. Both the federal and provincial governments, at least in Canada, hold the distribution of authority over environmental policy. The municipal governments still participate even though they have been given no authority over the matter. 21 But the majority of the work is achieved by organisations that press governments for swifter actions towards policy making. In Canada, the Greenpeace group, located in Vancouver and Toronto, had a revenue of 7. 4 million dollars without government or corporal aid from 1987 to 1990. The source of revenue came from concerned individuals within the country who see the needed value of conserving the planet. In response, political parties must address these issues to ensure that the public receives the results that they desire. When the creation of the National Conservation Strategy in Australia took place both the Fraser Liberal government and the Hawke Labour government played an important role in the structure that the policy was comprised of. 23 Through globalisation the world can look upon itself and see that there are better methods of approaching problems. Profit can not constantly exist if there is no planet to work from. The governments see this and pressure each other to abide by a universal understanding that there is a great need for sustainability. Powers are not decreased or removed but simply placed into a different context where instead of the individual gain the overall gain should have more precedence. Both Canada and Australia have set example that industry and environment can exist together and it is the governments duty to ensure that guidelines are set to allow enforcement take place. Globalisation can help environmental policy only if other countries have full understanding of the benefits and participate with means of improvement. The poorer nations need to be guided by the wealthy to prevent any further destruction on the remaining resources that the planet contains. Global understanding and consensus will allow for countries to maintain their distinctiveness but allow for one common trait to exist, a total appreciation of the shared home we call earth.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Giant Lorenz Bernie â€Å"Ecstasy of Saint Teresa† I chose Ecstasy of Saint Teresa by Bernie because it is an impressive multi-media installation that helps me understand the intense experience of Saint Thresher's visions. Four black marble columns frame the scene of Saint Theresa floating as if on a cloud as a playful angel is about to plunge an arrow repeatedly into her. Her face portrays a feeling of intense pain and pleasure as she accepts the glory and light of her lord. Heavenly light is shining down on them. Through the use of natural light shining down from an unseen mystical source.Brass reflective rods are lined up in a row opening up towards the couple further signifying the beauty and grace of the light. From both sides of the main characters a viewer then notices a seated audience relief carved out of marble. The audience seems to be captivated by the untraditional portrayal of god like visions. The marble is so beautifully carved to render flesh and the texture o f clothing. Ecstasy of Saint Teresa is equally frightening and stunning; reflecting the religion it represents. This piece is a perfect example of Baroque sculpture. A common characteristic ofBaroque art is including the audience into the work. Ecstasy of Saint Teresa does this by way of the theater windows. The relief of witnesses within these windows gives the sense that all of this is happening on a stage, and the audience is thus placed in orchestral seats in front of the stage. This includes the viewers into the work and justifies the drama portrayed theatrically in front of us. The scene portrayed here is an intense one. Seeing the look on Saint Teeter's face shows fear, pain, and pleasure. This is Juxtaposed with the look of calm playfulness on the angels face as he threatens her with the arrow.Natural light bathes both the figures in a holy light that implies a sense of realism to the existence of God. The emotional impression the piece implies is very characteristic of Baro que art. One can imagine the pious traveling great distances to be brought down on their knees by Bering's instillation. Bernie was a master in working with marble. The articulate depiction of different weights of cloth is impressive. Saint Teresa is dressed in a heavy textile that weighs her down in the earthly sense. The angel is lifted into the heavens by his silky clothing that moves easily in the breeze.He shows off more of his craftsmanship by way of the balcony windows. There is an illusion of continued space beyond what we can see. Bernie also includes a stylized classical pediment. This pediment is cleverly utilized to hide a window that lets in the natural light that is focused on the centerpiece. Ecstasy of Saint Teresa was created using Marble, gilded brass, natural light, and architectural elements to create a whole composition. This makes Bering's epic depiction the first multimedia installation that predates the popularization of the art form by 3 centuries. Gian Lorenzo Bernini Giant Lorenz Bernie â€Å"Ecstasy of Saint Teresa† I chose Ecstasy of Saint Teresa by Bernie because it is an impressive multi-media installation that helps me understand the intense experience of Saint Thresher's visions. Four black marble columns frame the scene of Saint Theresa floating as if on a cloud as a playful angel is about to plunge an arrow repeatedly into her. Her face portrays a feeling of intense pain and pleasure as she accepts the glory and light of her lord. Heavenly light is shining down on them. Through the use of natural light shining down from an unseen mystical source.Brass reflective rods are lined up in a row opening up towards the couple further signifying the beauty and grace of the light. From both sides of the main characters a viewer then notices a seated audience relief carved out of marble. The audience seems to be captivated by the untraditional portrayal of god like visions. The marble is so beautifully carved to render flesh and the texture o f clothing. Ecstasy of Saint Teresa is equally frightening and stunning; reflecting the religion it represents. This piece is a perfect example of Baroque sculpture. A common characteristic ofBaroque art is including the audience into the work. Ecstasy of Saint Teresa does this by way of the theater windows. The relief of witnesses within these windows gives the sense that all of this is happening on a stage, and the audience is thus placed in orchestral seats in front of the stage. This includes the viewers into the work and justifies the drama portrayed theatrically in front of us. The scene portrayed here is an intense one. Seeing the look on Saint Teeter's face shows fear, pain, and pleasure. This is Juxtaposed with the look of calm playfulness on the angels face as he threatens her with the arrow.Natural light bathes both the figures in a holy light that implies a sense of realism to the existence of God. The emotional impression the piece implies is very characteristic of Baro que art. One can imagine the pious traveling great distances to be brought down on their knees by Bering's instillation. Bernie was a master in working with marble. The articulate depiction of different weights of cloth is impressive. Saint Teresa is dressed in a heavy textile that weighs her down in the earthly sense. The angel is lifted into the heavens by his silky clothing that moves easily in the breeze.He shows off more of his craftsmanship by way of the balcony windows. There is an illusion of continued space beyond what we can see. Bernie also includes a stylized classical pediment. This pediment is cleverly utilized to hide a window that lets in the natural light that is focused on the centerpiece. Ecstasy of Saint Teresa was created using Marble, gilded brass, natural light, and architectural elements to create a whole composition. This makes Bering's epic depiction the first multimedia installation that predates the popularization of the art form by 3 centuries.

Political Climate of the 1970’s Essay

The 1970s were times of chaotic events held over from the chaos of the 1960s. The 70s brought Americans an end to the Vietnam War and a change in the political and social perspectives, another presidency term with Richard M. Nixon, and his policies of engagement, and the Watergate scandal, leading to the first resignation of an American President. The end of the Vietnam War led to political and social fallout around the globe, especially in America. All of the chaos of the 1970s also led Americans to have a changed perspective in their government. People were beginning to notice similarities between Nixon’s policies of engagement and strategies used during the Cold War, and the aftermath of the Watergate scandal led many American’s to doubt the role of their government and its power. In 1969, Nixon built his presidential campaign on the idea of ending the Vietnam War. Early in his administration, the president outlined a foreign policy based on a â€Å"low profile† and on reductions in the U.S. role abroad. Many believe this was the reason for Nixon’s election. Fed up with the war in Vietnam, Americans were ready to get our soldiers home. Nixon considered his engagement strategy â€Å"peace with honor.† Nixon’s priority was the settlement of the Vietnam crisis while using the â€Å"peace with honor† code. Nixon found an ally in Henry Kissinger who was the Nation Security Advisor and working together to end the crisis in Vietnam. One strategy was called â€Å"Vietnamization,† a carrot on a stick method, which would to gradually move the troops away and force the South Vietnamese to fight for themselves in order to advance peace talks in Paris. (Davidson et al., 2002 pg 895) The truth of the matter is that Nixon continued with the Vietnam War for nearly four more years. Nixon’s â€Å"peace with honor† code or â€Å"policy of engagement† was similar to Truman and the Cold War. Truman used the treat of nuclear arms attacks to scare the communist bloc from expanding. When the â€Å"peace with honor† code did not work, that is when Nixon took action on an earlier threat by using troops, force, and weapons. Nixon’s policy of engagement also differs somewhat from the strategies used by others during the Cold War. Where containment assumed a bipolar world, Nixon’s policy of detente saw the world as multi-polar. (Davidson et al., 2002, p. 907) By the end of March 1973, The Vietnam War had ended. All U.S. fighting forces  had been withdrawn. (â€Å"Vietnam War,† 2007) The political and social aftermath of the Vietnam War hit America almost immediately. In July 1971, for the first year in the century, it appeared that the U.S. would import more merchandise than it exported, and consequently it faced a severe deficit in its balance of payments. A federal budget deficit of about $20 billion was projected for fiscal 1971. In August, a crisis in world monetary stability was evident, and the value of the dollar was threatened for the second time in a year. (â€Å"The Vietnam War Period,† 2007) By the end of the 1970s, the National Debt was nearly $382 billion. From spending money during the war and cutting costs to federal programs, the nation was experiencing severe recession in 40 years. This recession affected many families, which became dual income households due to necessity. The government tried to fix this spiraling problem by raising minimum wage, but with each wage increase came inflation and higher unemployment rates. To curb this growing problem, reversing his previous refusal to impose price and wage controls, Nixon announced a 3-month freeze on wages, prices, and rents. (TVWP, 2007) Before Nixon had a chance to work on changing the economic problems in America he was surrounded by the Watergate scandal. From the fall of 1973 through the summer of 1974, the evidence steadily mounted that President Nixon himself was implicated in the Watergate burglary and its attempted cover-up, and that it was indeed only one aspect of a series of lawless acts committed by the administration. As a result, by the beginning of August 1974 the president was faced with imminent impeachment. He resigned on August 9, the first president of the U.S. to do so. (TVWP, 2007) Americans have come to believe the worst about government, politics, and politicians. It didn’t start with Watergate, but Watergate turned an erosion of public confidence into a collapse. The downturn came to a climax with Watergate. Americans saw a presidency disintegrate before their eyes, criminal conspiracies at the highest level of government and a president driven out of office. The effect on public trust was immediate and dramatic. Watergate crushed the public’s faith in government. In 1974, a little more than a third of Americans — 36 percent — said they still trusted the government. (Americans in the 1950s and 1960s saw there government as successful. They had led the country out of a depression and won a World War. The 1970s did  not carry that same prestige, instead the American public saw there elected leader in the center of a severe scandal, the worst recession in 40 years, and an embarrassing loss to an un-winnable war. Since Watergate, nothing has happened to restore public trust. (Bill, 1997). By the end of the 1970s, Americans were ready for change. The Vietnam War had ended, Nixon had resigned from office, and there was a lack of trust in government officials. Many Americans believed the 1980s were going to be that time of change. Nixon was a professional politician when elected president. Since that did not fare well, there was heightened contempt in professional politics. This created a market for outsiders and non-professionals for the job of Presidency. Many Americans today still crave for the Eisenhower or Kennedy era, but not since then has there been that kind of support for an elected president. Only when special interests groups stay out of politics or presidents remember they are leading by example will that return. Lets all hope that day will be sooner rather then later. References Vietnam War. (2007). _World Almanac Encyclopedia,_ Retrieved November 19, 2007 from facts.com database. Davidson, J. W., Gienapp, W. E., Heyrman, C. L., Lytle, M. H., & Stoff, M. B. (2002). _Nations of Nations: A Concise Narrative of the American Republic_ (3rd ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill. Bill Schneider, (1997). Cynicism Didn’t Start With Watergate. _allPolitics_. Retrieved November 19, 2007, from http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/ _United States of America: History–From Watergate Through the 2000 Election._ (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2007, from The World Almanac Encyclopedia @ FACTS.com database.